Borderland generation: Soviet and Polish Jews under Hitler

Introduction: A generation divided

Raised in the red city: Vitebsk, 1933 to 1936

Responses to exclusion and violence: Grodno, 1933 to 1939

Red revolution in Grodno: September 1939 to June 1941

Faith in Soviet security: January 1940 to June 1941

Invasion and Holocaust: June to November 1941

Exploitation and annihilation: November 1941 to March 1943

Survival: 1942 to 1948

Conclusion: A generation destroyed.