Troubled refuge: struggling for freedom in the Civil War

Part I. Out of Egypt

Grit and limits: experiencing emancipation in eastern contraband camps

Constant turbulence: experiencing emancipation in western contraband camps

Part II. By the sword

Precarious routes to freedom: wartime emancipation in contraband camps

Uneasy alliances: wartime citizenship in contraband camps

Part III. Time in the desert

Imperfect ploughshares: from military to civil authority, April-December 1865

Conclusion.