Infants, toddlers, and caregivers: a curriculum of respectful, responsive care and education

Preface Resources for caregivers pt. 1. Focus on the caregiver 1. Principles, practice, and curriculum What do you see? Relationships, interactions, and the three Rs Caregiving routines as opportunities for three-R interactions Ten principles based on a philosophy of respect Principle 1 : involve infants and toddlers in things that concern them Principle 2 : invest in quality time Principle 3 : learn each child's unique ways of communicating and teach yours Video observation 1 : baby crying Principle 4 : invest time and energy to build a total person Principle 5 : respect infants and toddlers as worthy people Principle 6 : be honest about your feelings Principle 7 : model the behavior you want to teach Principle 8 : recognize problems as learning opportunities and let infants and toddlers try to solve their own Principle 9 : build security by teaching trust Principle 10 : be concerned about the quality of development in each stage Developmentally appropriate practice The principles in action : principle 5 Appropriate practice Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 2. Infant-toddler education What do you see? What infant-toddler education is not Infant stimulation Baby-sitting Preschool What infant-toddler education is Curriculum as the foundation of infant-toddler education Video observation 2 : toddler playing with a tube and ball Assessing the effectiveness of the curriculum : observing and recording Educating as facilitating problem solving The principles in action : principle 8 The adult role in facilitating problem solving Appropriate practice Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 3. Caregiving as curriculum What do you see? Thinking again about infant-toddler curriculum Planning for attachment Policies that support curriculum as caregiving Assessment Caregiving routines Feeding Video observation 3 : children feeding themselves Diapering Toilet training and toilet learning Washing, bathing, and grooming Differing needs and perspectives Dressing The principles in action : principle 1 Napping Appropriate practice Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 4. Play as curriculum What do you see? Adult roles in play Setting up environments for play Encouraging interactions and then stepping back Video observation 4 : toddlers playing outside Supporting problem solving Observing Environmental factors that influence play The principles in action : principle 2 Group size and age span Setting up the environment to support play Happenings Free choice The problem of the match Appropriate practice Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading

pt. 2. Focus on the child 5. Attachment What do you see? Brain research The principles in action : principle 9 Milestones of attachment Video observation 5 : toddler "checking in" while playing whit chairs Developmental pathways : attachment Measuring attachment Attachment issues Children with special needs : infants affected by drugs and alcohol Developmental pathways : attachment behaviors Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 6. Perception What do you see? Sensory integration Hearing Video observation 6 : boy exploring toy car using touch and sound Smell and taste Touch The principles in action : principle 7 Sight Children with special needs : sensory impairments Developmental pathways : behaviors showing development of perception Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 7. Motor skills What do you see? Physical growth and motor skills Brain growth and motor development Reflexes The principles in action : principle 10 Large motor skills and locomotion Video observation 7 : children climbing stairs Small motor skills and manipulation Fostering motor development Children with special needs : developmental delays Developmental pathways : behaviors showing development of motor skills Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 8. Cognition What do you see? The cognitive experience Sensorimotor experience : Piaget Sociocultural influences : Vygotsky and Piaget The principles in action : principle 8 Supporting cognitive development Brain-based learning Video observation 8 : father diapering toddler Children with special needs : cognitive delay Developmental pathways : behaviors showing development of cognition Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 9. Language What do you see? The progression of language development Receptive language Expressive language What language allows a child to do : the cognitive link The brain and early language development Video observation 9 : children eating at table with caregiver Fostering language development The principles in action : principle 3 Early literacy Cultural differences and bilingualism Children with special needs : communication disorders Developmental pathways : behaviors showing development of language Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 10. Emotions What do you see? The development of emotions and feelings Temperament and resiliency Helping infants and toddlers cope with fears Helping infants and toddlers cope with anger Video observation 10 : child trying to get her turn in a swing The principles in action : principle 6 Self-calming techniques Developing self-direction The emotional brain Children with special needs : emotional disorders Developmental pathways : behavior showing development of emotions Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading 11. Social skills What do you see? The principles in action : principle 4 Early social behaviors Stages of psychosocial development Trust Autonomy Initiative Guidance and discipline Limits for toddlers Biting Negativism Teaching prosocial behavior Video observation 11 : girls playing together Promoting healthy brain growth The special need of all children : self-esteem Developmental pathways : behaviors showing development of social skills Summary Online resources Key terms Thought/activity questions For further reading

pt. 3. Focus on the program

12. The physical environment

What do you see?

A safe environment

Creating a safe physical environment : a checklist

A healthful environment

Creating a healthful and sanitary environment : a checklist

Nutrition

Feeding infants

Feeding toddlers

Video observation 12 : feeding routine

The learning environment

Layout

Eating

Sleeping

Diapering

Toileting

Developmental appropriateness

Appropriate environments for infants

Appropriate environments for toddlers

Family child care and mixed-age groups

The principles in action : principle 8

What should be in the play environment

Toys and materials for inside

Toys and materials for outside

Assessing the quality of an infant-toddler environment

Balancing soft and hard

Providing for intrusion and seclusion

Encouraging mobility

The open-closed dimension

The simple-complex dimension

Scale

Aesthetics

Acoustics

Order

Appropriate practice

Summary

Online resources

Key terms

Thought/activity questions

For further reading

13. The social environment

What do you see?

Identity formation

The principles in action : principle 1

Attachment

Self-image

Cultural identity

Gender identity

Self-concept and discipline

Video observation 13 : child in sandbox (redirection)

Modeling self-esteem by taking care of yourself

Appropriate practice

Summary

Online resources

Key terms

Thought/activity questions

For further reading

14. Adult relations in infant-toddler care and education programs

What do you see?

Parent-caregiver relations

Caregiver stages of relating to parents

The principles in action : principle 3

Communication with parents and/or family members

Service plan : focus on the child

Service plan : focus on the family

Communication blocks

Opening up communication

Issues of parents of children with special needs

Parent education

Video observation 14 : girl crawling through low window (Parent Ed Program)

Parents of children with special needs

Early care and education professionals

Relating to the parents of a child who isn't doing well

Caregiver relations

The family child care provider

Center staff

Respect as the key to adult relationships

Appropriate practice

Summary

Online resources

Key terms

Thought/activity questions

For further reading

Appendix A. Quality in infant-toddler programs : a checklist

Appendix B. Environmental chart

Appendix C. Guiding principles of the parent services projects

Notes

References

Glossary

Credits

Index.